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SCOTCH FIR BOTANICAL MODELS
Showing the male and female reproductive parts
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First Half of the 20th Century
Height 33 cm ( 13 in )
Two models showing the male and female reproductive parts of the gymnospermous pinus sylvestris or Scotch fir.
Made in Germany possibly by Brendel
Hand painted gesso on turned wood stands with original labels
A gymnospermous plant such as the conifer produces seeds which are naked and unprotected by a fruit, in this case it develops on a scale which is shown here magnified about 80 times as is the stamen on the male example.
Robert Brendel (1821-1898)
Reinhold Brendel (1861 - 1927)
As detailed by the University of Aberdeen Zoology Museum, "In the late 19th Century Robert Brendel and his son Reinhold produced beautiful and accurate models of enlarged flowers at Breslau and Berlin. Usually the models were made of papier maché, but with other materials added to give detail and texture: wood, cotton, rattan, pulp cane, glass beads, feathers and gelatine."
Reinhold Brendel was honoured with many awards at World Fairs:
Paris 1867 - an honourable mention
Vienna 1873 - bronze medal
Chicago 1893 - gold medal
Paris 1900 - gold medal
Brussels 1910 - gold medal
Prussian bronze state medal in 1896
Prussian Small Silver State Medal 1901
These didactic models of plants were in great demand in the 19th century due to their scientific accuracy and were bought by Universities worldwide as aids to teaching.
Bibliography:
Il Museo de Storia Naturale dell'Université - degli Studi de Firenze, by Giulio Barsanti & Guido Chelazzi
Voyage au coeur des fleurs. Modeles botaniques et flores d'Europe au XIXe siecle. Bogaert-Damin Anne-Marie
Museum Collections:
University of Florence
National Museum of Liverpool hold over 200 models in their collections.
University of Aberdeen Zoology Museum
The Whipple Museum, University of Cambridge, Cambridge U.K.
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